ØSTERÅ, AALBORG

Aalborg Historiske Museum.
Indsendt af Stig Bergmann Møller.
Undersøgt af Aoife Daly.
NNU j.nr. A7740D

Tømmer fra byudgravning
I alt er 88 prøver af Quercus sp., eg, og fire af Pinus sp., fyr, undersøgt. Splintved er bevaret på 20 af prøverne. 40 prøver dateret.

Anlæg A001; bolværkspæle
To prøver af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A001. Begge prøver er dateret. Splintved er bevarede på begge prøver, heraf en med barkkant. Yngste årring er dannet i 1754. Årringen er færdigdannet, hvilket betyder at træet, som prøven kommer fra, er fældet i vinteren 1754-55 e.Kr.

Anlæg A006; bolværkspæl
Én prøve af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A006. Prøven er dateret. Kun kerneved er bevarede på prøven. Yngste bevarede årring er dannet i 1516. Ved tillæg for manglende splintved, er fældningstidspunktet for træet, som prøven kommer fra, beregnet til efter 1532 e.Kr.

Anlæg A021; bolværkspæle
Tre prøver af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A021. To af prøverne er dateret.
En af de daterede prøver har kun kerneved bevaret. Yngste bevarede årring er dannet i 1510 e.Kr. og træet, som prøven stammer fra, er fældet efter 1526 e.Kr.
Komplet splintved er bevaret på den anden daterede prøve. Yngste bevarede årring er dannet i 1772. Barkringen er ikke færdigdannet, hvilket betyder, at træet, som prøven stammer fra, er fældet i vækstsæsonen 1772 e.Kr.
Ud fra den dendrokronologiske resultat kan det formodes at de to daterede pæle tilhører to forskellige faser i bolværk konstruktionen.

Anlæg A033; bolværkspæl
Én prøve af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A033. Kun kerneved er bevaret på prøven. Prøven er ikke dateret.

Anlæg A034; bolværkspæl
Én prøve af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A034. Prøven er dateret. Komplet splintved er bevaret på prøven. Yngste bevarede årring er dannet i 1741. Barkringen er ikke færdigdannet, så træet, som prøven stammer fra, er fældet i vækstsæsonen 1741 e.Kr.

Anlæg A035; 'opfyldningsbolværk'
Én prøve af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A035. Splintved er bevaret på prøven. Prøven er ikke dateret.

Anlæg A036; 'opfyldningsbolværk'
Én prøve af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A036. Komplet splintved er bevaret på prøven (vinterfældning). Prøven er ikke dateret.

Anlæg A067; bolværkspæle
Tre prøver af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A067. Komplet splintved er bevaret på to af prøverne (vinterfældning). Prøverne er ikke dateret.

Anlæg A072; bolværk
Seks prøver af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A072. Splintved er bevaret på fem af prøverne, heraf en med komplet splintved (vinterfældning). To prøver er dateret. Yngste bevarede årring på den daterede prøve, som har splintved bevaret, er dannet i 1481 e.Kr. Ved tillæg for manglende splintved, er fældningstidspunktet for træet, som prøven kommer fra, beregnet til 1482-90. Den anden daterede prøve, uden splintved bevaret, kan være fældet samtidig.

Anlæg A074; bolværkspæl?
Én prøve af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A074. Splintved er bevaret på prøven. Prøven er dateret. Yngste bevarede årring er dannet i 1549 e.Kr. Ved tillæg for manglende splintved, er fældningstidspunktet for træet, som prøven kommer fra, beregnet til 1550-64.

Anlæg A080; pæle
To prøver af Pinus sp., fyr, undersøgt fra anlæg A080. Barkringen er bevaret på begge prøver(vinterfældning). Prøverne er ikke dateret.

Anlæg A081; afløbsrende
Én prøve af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A081. Kun kerneved er bevaret på prøven. Yngste bevarede årring er dannet i 1535 e.Kr. Ved tillæg for manglende splintved, er fældningstidspunktet for træet, som prøven kommer fra, beregnet til efter 1551.

Anlæg A082; pæle til bolværk
To prøver af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A082. Splintved er bevaret på begge prøver, heraf en med komplet splintved (vinterfældning). Prøverne er ikke dateret.

Anlæg A109; pæle til bolværk
Én prøve af Quercus sp., eg, kommer fra anlæg A109. Prøven indeholder kun 20 årringe og er ikke målt.

Anlæg A113; bolværk
To prøver af Quercus sp., eg, og to af Pinus sp., fyr, undersøgt fra anlæg A113. Splintved er bevaret på begge egetræsprøver og på én af fyrretræsprøverne. De to egetræsprøver er dateret. Yngste målte årring er dannet i 1695 e.Kr. Ved tillæg for manglende splintved, er fældningstidspunktet for træerne, som prøverne kommer fra, beregnet til henholdsvis 1670-85 og 1710-22.

Anlæg A115; bropiller
Tre prøver af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A115. Splintved er bevaret på én af prøverne. Én af prøverne er dateret. Yngste bevarede årring er dannet i 1194 e.Kr. Ved tillæg for manglende splintved, er fældningstidspunktet for træet, som prøven kommer fra, beregnet til efter 1210.

Anlæg A117; bolværk
Fire prøver af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A117. Splintved er bevaret på to af prøverne, og grænsen mellem kerneved og splintved er formodet på en tredje. Det er den tredje prøve, der er dateret. Yngste bevarede årring er dannet i 1440 e.Kr. Ved tillæg for manglende splintved, er fældningstidspunktet for træet, som prøven kommer fra, beregnet til 1455-70.

Anlæg A118; bolværk
To prøver af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A118. Splintved er bevaret på begge prøver, heraf en med komplet splintved (forår/sommerfældning). Begge prøver er dateret. Yngste bevarede årring er dannet i 1463 e.Kr. Træerne er fældet henholdsvis 1404-12 og forår/sommer 1464.

Anlæg A138; tømmer under stenhus A130
Ni prøver af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A138. Splintved er bevaret på syv af prøverne, heraf to med komplet splintved (én vinterfældning, én sommerfældning). Fire prøver er dateret. Dateringsmæssig deler prøverne sig i to par.

Prøverne x124 (nordligst stående stolpe) og x136 (vestfundament) hører sammen. Kun kerneved er bevaret på disse to prøver. Yngste bevarede årring er dannet i 1373 e.Kr. Ved tillæg for manglende splintved, er fældningstidspunktet for træerne, som prøverne kommer fra, beregnet til efter 1388.

Prøverne x144 og x145 (sydlig del af huset) hører sammen. Splintved er bevaret på prøverne. Yngste bevarede årring er dannet i 1574 e.Kr. Ved tillæg for manglende splintved, er fældningstidspunktet for træerne, som prøverne kommer fra, beregnet til 1574-80.

Anlæg A140; pæl til bolværk
Én prøve af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A140. Splintved er bevaret på prøven. Prøven er dateret. Yngste bevarede årring er dannet i 1447 e.Kr. Ved tillæg for manglende splintved, er fældningstidspunktet for træet, som prøven kommer fra, beregnet til 1450-60.

Anlæg A151; skibstømmer
Fire prøver af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A151. Kun kerneved er bevaret på prøverne. Tre prøver er dateret. Yngste bevarede årring er dannet i 1176 e.Kr. Ved tillæg for manglende splintved, er fældningstidspunktet for træerne, som prøverne kommer fra, beregnet til efter 1193.

Anlæg A143; bolværkspæle
Tre prøver af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A143. Komplet splintved er bevaret på prøverne (en forår/sommerfældning, to vinterfældning). Én af prøverne er dateret. Barkringen er dannet i 1249 e.Kr. Årringen er færdigdannet, hvilket betyder, at træet, som prøven stammer fra, er fældet i vintersæsonen 1249-50.

Anlæg A175; skibstømmer
To prøver af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A175. Kun kerneved er bevaret på prøverne. Begge prøver er dateret. Yngste bevarede årring er dannet i 1099 e.Kr. Ved tillæg for manglende splintved, er fældningstidspunktet for træerne, som prøverne kommer fra, beregnet til efter 1114.

Anlæg A177; skibstømmer
Én prøve af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A177. Kun kerneved er bevaret på prøven. Prøven er dateret. Yngste bevarede årring er dannet i 1172 e.Kr. Ved tillæg for manglende splintved, er fældningstidspunktet for træet, som prøven kommer fra, beregnet til efter 1188.

Anlæg A216; bolværkspæle
To prøver af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A216. Komplet splintved er bevaret på prøverne (én vinter, én forår/sommer). Prøverne er ikke dateret.

Anlæg A239; bolværkspæl
Én prøve af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A239. Kerneved/splintved grænse er formodede på prøven. Prøven er ikke dateret.

Anlæg A258; stolpe i bolværk
Én prøve af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A258. Splintved er bevaret på prøven. Prøven er dateret. Yngste bevarede årring er dannet i 1279 e.Kr. Fældningstidspunktet for træet, som prøven kommer fra, er beregnet til 1280-86.

Anlæg A337; pæl i bolværk, genbrugstømmer
To prøver af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A337. Splintved er bevaret på prøverne heraf én med komplet splintved . Én af prøverne er dateret. Barkringen er dannet i 1346 e.Kr. Barkringen er ikke færdigdannet, hvilket betyder, at træet, som prøven kommer fra, er fældet i vækstsæsonen (maj til september) 1346.

Anlæg A393; bolværk
Én prøve af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A393. Splintved er bevaret på prøven. Prøven er ikke dateret.

Anlæg A397; plankevej
Seks prøver af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A397. Komplet splintved er bevaret på en af prøverne. To prøver er dateret, begge med kun kerneved bevaret. Yngste bevarede årring er dannet i henholdsvis 1204 og 1119 e.Kr. Ved tillæg for manglende splintved, er fældningstidspunktet for træerne, som prøverne kommer fra, beregnet til henholdsvis efter 1220 og efter 1135.

Anlæg A428; båndbjælke i vejbro
Én prøve af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A428. Splintved er bevaret på prøven. Prøven er ikke dateret.

Anlæg A429; vejbro
To prøver af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A429. Splintved er bevaret på begge prøver, heraf en med komplet splintved (vinterfældning). Prøverne er ikke dateret.

Anlæg A431; stolper
To prøver af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A431. Splintved er bevaret på begge prøver, heraf en med komplet splintved (vinterfældning). Prøverne er ikke dateret.

Anlæg A427; pæle
Tre prøver af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A427. Splintved er bevaret på to af prøverne. Alle prøver er dateret. Yngste bevarede årring er dannet i 1120 e.Kr. Ved tillæg for manglende splintved, er fældningstidspunktet for træerne, som prøverne kommer fra, beregnet til 1122-36.

Anlæg A449; stolpe
Én prøve af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A449. Splintved er bevaret på prøven. Prøven er ikke dateret.

Anlæg A450; stamme
Én prøve af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A450. Komplet splintved er bevaret på prøven (vinterfældning). Prøven er ikke dateret.

Anlæg A451; stamme
Én prøve af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A451. Kun kerneved er bevaret på prøven. Prøven er ikke dateret.

Anlæg A443/440; tømmer under hus A438
Tre prøver af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt, én fra anlæg A443 og to fra A440. Komplet splintved er bevaret på en af prøverne (forår/sommer fældning). De to prøver som er dateret har ikke splintved bevaret. Yngste bevarede årring i de to prøver er dannet i henholdsvis 1341 og 1230 e.Kr. Ved tillæg for manglende splintved, er fældningstidspunktet for træerne, som prøverne kommer fra, beregnet til henholdsvis efter 1356 og efter 1246.

Anlæg A475; pæl
Én prøve af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A475. Kerneved/splintved grænse er formodet på prøven. Prøven er ikke dateret.

Anlæg A496; pæle
To prøver af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt fra anlæg A496. Splintved er bevaret på prøverne, heraf en med komplet (forår/sommer fældning). Prøverne er ikke dateret.

Løse prøver
Tre prøver uden nummer af Quercus sp., eg, undersøgt.

A. Kerneved/splintved grænse er konstateret på prøven. Yngste bevarede årring er dannet i 1140 e.Kr. Ved tillæg for manglende splintved, er fældningstidspunktet for træet, som prøven kommer fra, beregnet til 1155-70.

B. Komplet splintved er bevaret på prøven (vinterfældning). Yngste bevarede årring er dannet i 1414 e.Kr. Træet, som prøven kommer fra, er fældet i vinterhalvåret 1414-15.

C. Splintved er bevaret på prøven. Yngste bevarede årring er dannet i 1459 e.Kr. Ved tillæg for manglende splintved, er fældningstidspunktet for træet, som prøven kommer fra, beregnet til 1463-78.
 

Antallet af årringe
Ud af 87 egetræsprøver er 40 dateret, som svarer til ca. 46%. Det skal i denne sammenhæng understreges, at antallet af årringene i de enkelte prøver betyder meget. I en undersøgelse, hvor prøverne har en tidsmæssig og geografisk sammenhæng, kan det lykkes at datere prøver med få årringe. I nærværende undersøgelse, hvor prøverne kommer fra diverse tider, er der mindre sandsynlighed for, at det kan lykkes at datere prøver, som indeholder mindre end ca. 80 årringe

Katalog

English summary:

ØSTERÅ, AALBORG

Timbers from an urban excavation
88 samples of Quercus sp., oak, and four of Pinus sp., pine, were examined. Sapwood is preserved on 20 of the samples. 40 samples are dated.

Construction A001; quay-side posts
Two samples of Quercus sp., oak were examined from construction A001. Both samples are dated. Sapwood is preserved on both samples, of which one has bark edge. The outermost preserved tree-ring was formed in 1754. The tree-ring is fully formed which means that the tree, from which the sample comes, was felled in the winter of AD 1754-55.

Construction A006; quay-side post
One sample of Quercus sp., oak was examined from construction A006. The sample is dated. Only heartwood is preserved on the sample. The outermost preserved tree-ring was formed in 1516. Allowing for missing sapwood, the felling date for the tree, from which the sample comes, is estimated to after AD 1532.

Construction A021; quay-side posts
Three samples of Quercus sp., oak were examined from construction A021. Two of the samples are dated. One of the samples has only heartwood preserved. The outermost preserved tree-ring was formed in 1510 and the tree, from which the sample comes, was felled after AD 1526.
Complete sapwood is preserved on the other dated sample. The outermost tree-ring was formed in 1772. The bark ring is incompletely formed, which means that the tree, from which the sample comes, was felled in the growing season AD 1772.
From the dendrochronological result it can be suggested that the two dated posts belong to two different phases in the quay construction.

Construction A033; quay-side post
One sample of Quercus sp., oak was examined from construction A033. Only heartwood is preserved on the sample. The sample is not dated.

Construction A034; quay-side post
One sample of Quercus sp., oak was examined from construction A034. The sample is dated. Complete sapwood is preserved on the sample. The outermost preserved tree-ring was formed in 1741. The bark ring is not completely formed, so the tree, from which the sample comes, was felled in the growing season AD 1741.

Construction A035; quay-side
One sample of Quercus sp., oak was examined from construction A035. Sapwood is preserved on the sample. The sample is not dated.

Construction A036; quay-side
One sample of Quercus sp., oak was examined from construction A036. Complete sapwood is preserved on the sample (winter felling). The sample is not dated.

Construction A067; quay-side posts
Three samples of Quercus sp., oak were examined from construction A067. Complete sapwood is preserved on two of the samples (winter felling). The samples are not dated.

Construction A072; quay-side
Six samples of Quercus sp., oak were examined from construction A072. Sapwood is preserved on five of the samples, of which one has complete sapwood (winter felling). Two samples are dated. The outermost preserved tree-ring on the sample with sapwood preserved, was formed in 1481. Allowing for missing sapwood, the felling date for the tree, from which the sample comes, is estimated to 1482-90.

Construction A074; quay-side post?
One sample of Quercus sp., oak was examined from construction A074. Sapwood is preserved on the sample. The sample is dated. The outermost preserved tree-ring was formed in 1549. Allowing for missing sapwood, the felling date for the tree, from which the sample comes, is estimated to AD 1550-64.

Construction A080; posts
Two samples of Pinus sp., pine were examined from construction A080. The bark ring is preserved on both samples (winter felling). The samples are not dated.

Construction A081; drain
One sample of Quercus sp., oak was examined from construction A081. Only heartwood is preserved on the sample. The outermost preserved tree-ring was formed in 1535. Allowing for missing sapwood, the felling date for the tree, from which the sample comes, is estimated to after AD 1551.

Construction A082; quay-side posts
Two samples of Quercus sp., oak were examined from construction A082. Sapwood is preserved on both samples of which on has complete sapwood (winter felling). The samples are not dated.

Construction A109; quay-side post
One sample of Quercus sp., oak comes from construction A109. The sample contains only 20 rings and was not measured.

Construction A113; quay-side
Two samples of Quercus sp., oak, and two of Pinus sp., pine, were examined from construction A113. Sapwood is preserved on both oak samples and on one of the pine samples. The two oak samples are dated. The outermost measured tree-ring was formed in 1695. Allowing for missing sapwood, the felling date for the trees, from which the samples come, is estimated to AD 1670-85 and 1710-22 respectively.

Construction A115; pier
Three samples of Quercus sp., oak were examined from construction A115. Sapwood is preserved on one of the samples. One of the samples is dated. The outermost preserved tree-ring was formed in 1194. Allowing for missing sapwood, the felling date for the tree, from which the sample comes, is estimated to after AD 1210.

Construction A117; quay-side
Four samples of Quercus sp., oak were examined from construction A117. Sapwood is preserved on two of the samples, and the boundary between heartwood and sapwood is suspected on a third. It is the third sample which is dated. The outermost preserved tree-ring was formed in 1440. Allowing for missing sapwood, the felling date for the tree, from which the sample comes, is estimated to AD 1455-70.

Construction A118; quay-side
Two samples of Quercus sp., oak were examined from construction A118. Sapwood is preserved on both samples, of which one has complete sapwood (spring/summer felling). Both samples are dated. The outermost preserved tree-ring was formed in 1463. The trees were felled in 1404-12 and spring/summer 1464 respectively.

Construction A138; timber under stone house A130
Nine samples of Quercus sp., oak were examined from construction A138. Sapwood is preserved on seven of the samples of which two have complete sapwood (one winter felling, one summer felling). Four samples are dated. In terms of the dating, the samples can be divided into two pairs.
Samples x124 (northernmost post) and x136 (west foundation), belong together. Only heartwood is preserved on these two samples. The outermost preserved tree-ring was formed in 1373. Allowing for missing sapwood, the felling date for the trees, from which the samples come, is estimated to after AD 1388.
Samples x144 and x145 (southern part of house), belong together. Sapwood is preserved on the samples. The outermost preserved tree-ring was formed in 1574. Allowing for missing sapwood, the felling date for the trees, from which the samples come, is estimated to AD 1574-80.

Construction A140; quay-side post
One sample of Quercus sp., oak was examined from construction A140. Sapwood is preserved on the sample. The sample is dated. The outermost preserved tree-ring was formed in 1447. Allowing for missing sapwood, the felling date for the tree, from which the sample comes, is estimated to AD 1450-60.

Construction A151; ship timber
Four samples of Quercus sp., oak were examined from construction A151. Only heartwood is preserved on the samples. Three samples are dated. The outermost preserved tree-ring was formed in 1176. Allowing for missing sapwood, the felling date for the trees, from which the samples come, is estimated to after AD 1193.

Construction A143; quay-side posts
Three samples of Quercus sp., oak were examined from construction A143. Complete sapwood is preserved on the samples (one summer felling, two winter felling). One of the samples is dated. The bark ring was formed in 1249. The tree-ring is fully formed, which means that the tree, from which the sample comes, was felled in winter AD 1249-50.

Construction A175; ship timbers
Two samples of Quercus sp., oak were examined from construction A175. Only heartwood is preserved on the samples. Both samples are dated. The outermost preserved tree-ring was formed in 1099. Allowing for missing sapwood, the felling date for the trees, from which the samples come, is estimated to after AD 1114.

Construction A177; ship timber
One sample of Quercus sp., oak was examined from construction A177. Only heartwood is preserved on the sample. The sample is dated. The outermost preserved tree-ring was formed in 1172. Allowing for missing sapwood, the felling date for the tree, from which the sample comes, is estimated to after AD 1188.

Construction A216; quay-side posts
Two samples of Quercus sp., oak were examined from construction A216. Complete sapwood is preserved on the samples (one summer felling, one winter felling). The samples are not dated.

Construction A239; quay-side post
One sample of Quercus sp., oak was examined from construction A239. The heartwood/sapwood boundary is probably preserved on the sample. The sample is not dated.

Construction A258; quay-side post
One sample of Quercus sp., oak was examined from construction A258. Sapwood is preserved on the sample. The sample is dated. The outermost preserved tree-ring was formed in 1279. The felling of the tree, from which the sample comes, is estimated to AD 1280-86.

Construction A337; quay-side posts, reused
Two samples of Quercus sp., oak were examined from construction A337. Sapwood is preserved on the samples, of which one has complete sapwood. One of the samples is dated. The bark ring was formed in 1346. The tree-ring is incompletely formed, which means that the tree, from which the sample comes, was felled in the growing season (May to September) AD 1346.

Construction A393; quay-side
One sample of Quercus sp., oak was examined from construction A393. Sapwood is preserved on the sample. The sample is not dated.

Construction A397; plank walkway
Six samples of Quercus sp., oak were examined from construction A397. Complete sapwood is preserved on one of the samples. Two samples are dated, both with only heartwood preserved. The outermost preserved tree-ring was formed in 1204 and 1119 respectively. Allowing for missing sapwood, the felling date for the trees, from which the samples come, is estimated to after AD 1220 and after AD 1135, respectively.

Construction A428; bridge beam
One sample of Quercus sp., oak was examined from construction A428. Sapwood is preserved on the sample. The sample is not dated.

Construction A429; bridge
Two samples of Quercus sp., oak were examined from construction A429. Sapwood is preserved on both samples, of which one has complete sapwood (winter felling). The samples are not dated.

Construction A431; posts
Two samples of Quercus sp., oak were examined from construction A431. Sapwood is preserved on both samples, of which one has complete sapwood (winter felling). The samples are not dated.

Construction A427; poles
Three samples of Quercus sp., oak were examined from construction A427. Sapwood is preserved on two of the samples. All the samples are dated. The outermost preserved tree-ring was formed in 1120. Allowing for missing sapwood, the felling date for the trees, from which the samples come, is estimated to AD 1122-36.

Construction A449; post
One sample of Quercus sp., oak was examined from construction A449. Sapwood is preserved on the sample. The sample is not dated.

Construction A450; log
One sample of Quercus sp., oak was examined from construction A450. Complete sapwood is preserved on the sample (winter felling). The sample is not dated.

Construction A451; log
One sample of Quercus sp., oak was examined from construction A451. Only heartwood is preserved on the sample. The sample is not dated.

Construction A443/440; timber under house A438
Three samples of Quercus sp., oak were examined, one from construction A443 and two from A440. Complete sapwood is preserved on one of the samples (spring/summer felling). The two samples which are dated have no sapwood preserved. The outermost preserved tree-ring in the two samples, was formed in 1341 and 1230 respectively. Allowing for missing sapwood, the felling date for the trees, from which the samples come, is estimated to after AD 1356 and after AD 1246, respectively.

Construction A475; pole
One sample of Quercus sp., oak was examined from construction A475. Heartwood/sapwood boundary is probably preserved on the sample. The sample is not dated.

Construction A496; poles
Two samples of Quercus sp., oak were examined from construction A496. Sapwood is preserved on the samples, of which one has complete sapwood (spring/summer felling). The samples are not dated.
 

Loose samples
Three samples without numbers, of Quercus sp., oak were examined.

A Heartwood/sapwood boundary is preserved on the sample. The outermost preserved tree-ring was formed in 1140. Allowing for missing sapwood, the felling date for the tree, from which the sample comes, is estimated to AD 1155-70.

B Complete sapwood is preserved on the sample (winter felling). The outermost preserved tree-ring was formed in 1414. The tree, from which the sample comes, was felled in the winter, AD 1414-15

C Sapwood is preserved on the sample. The outermost preserved tree-ring was formed in 1459. Allowing for missing sapwood, the felling date for the tree, from which the sample comes, is estimated to AD 1463-78.
 

The number of tree-rings
Out of 87 oak samples 40 are dated, which is about 46%. Here it should be stressed that the number of tree-rings in each single sample are of great importance. In an analysis where the samples have a temporal and geographical relation, it can be possible to date samples with fewer tree-rings. In the analysis here, where the samples come from diverse times, there is less probability that samples with fewer than circa 80 tree-rings can be successfully dated.

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